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History of breed.
The Central Asian Ovcharka (CAO) is a dog from legends , with history
more than four thousand years.
The CAO concerns to group of dogs called Mastiffs. The accepted centre
of formation of this group is Tibet, and their ancestors are large cave
dogs. The basis for the union of this dog with ancient peoples was the
protection of their places of living - (caves). Then it was distributed
from Tibet to West with nomadic tribes . And their tasks changed from
security of caves to protection of cattle and owner▓s property . There
is part of ancient shepherd's and battle dogs Mesopotamia in blood of
CAO. The most powerful and aggressive dogs were selected for attack in
fights, others were used for protection of shelter and cattle. But, despite
this , there is no clear barrier between these groups. The waves of resettlements
of peoples transferred blood of new dogs to new living places, and these
populations mixed up with populations of other dogs. Ways of nomadic tribes
passed through the region of Great Steppe, which included the most ancient
states of East and Asia. Therefore CAO has close relationships with the
Mongolian Ovcharka, Tibetan Mastiff, Ovcharkas of Iran and Afghanistan,
Ahatolian Karabash and Caucasian Ovcharka. The mother-land of this breed
is enormous, it includes territories of Iran, Afghanistan, Tadjikistan,
Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Russia.
The present day Central Asian Sheep Dog is the result of two major forces
the severe climatic conditions of its homeland and the requirements of
the native peoples who domesticated them .
The civilization of region was mostly of moving tribes, therefore this
breed was formed on need to protect herds from predators and robbers.
All these forty centuries man required from this dog only one thing -
excellent service.
So we can say now that the CAO is the breed of national selection.
Today CAO dog hasn▓t lost these remarkable qualities, its popularity grows
all over the world. It is a serious dog for serious people.
For the information: The official name of breed Central Asian Ovcharka
(CAO) was authorized in 1938.
Central Asia is a part of the Asian territory USSR. Before national delimitation
1924-1926 it▓s called Turkestan and included territories of Uzbekistan,
Tadjikistan, Kirghizstan, Kazakhstan and Turkmeniya.
For the first time the standart of CAO was accepted FCI on January 25,
1989 then it was modificated and finally was authorized by FCI in 1993.
CENTRAL ASIAN OVTCHARKA.
STANDARD 335 (the draft)
SHORT HISTORICAL ESSAY
The Central Asian Ovtcharka is one of the largest breeds that has been
created in the result of interaction and fight of two mighty forces -
man's necessities of life and natural selection conditioned by severe
nature of the region. The breed formed in the vast territory stretched
from the Caspian Sea to China and from the South Urals to Afghanistan.
The breed has the blood of the ancient dogs of the Tibet, the shepherd
dogs of different nomadic people and of the fighting dogs of Mesopotamia.
The Central Asian Ovtcharka is related to the Mongolian Ovtcharka, Tibetan
Mastiff, Ovtcharkas of Afghanistan and Iran. In West Europe there is also
the relative of the CAO, it is the Spanish Mastiff. In the territory of
origin the CAOs are used as the guard and shepherd dogs, and also when
hunting large animals.
GENERAL APPEARANCE
A Central Asian Ovtcharka is a dog of the large height, strong, brave,
self-respectful, unpretentious, easily adaptable to various weather conditions
that makes it possible to use this breed for different work. Dogs have
the rough built type, massive bone and strong musculature.
BEHAVIOUR
Confident, balanced, quite behaviour. The characteristic reaction is the
active-defensive one. Has the inborn sense of property and territory.
Unconfident behaviour and excessive excitability are the major faults
that make dog's breeding value lower.
MAIN PROPORTIONS
The format is slightly long (more often in females than in males). The
low height limit for males is 65 cm, for females - 60 cm. If a dog is
proportionally built, it should be more. The sex types are clear. Males
are larger and more massive than females.
HEAD
Proportional, massive.
SKULL
The skull is broad with well-developed but clean cheeks and slightly marked
supraorbital ridges. The occiput is flated because of the well-developed
musculature. The forehead is flat or slightly rounded.
STOP
Slightly pronounced.
MUZZLE
Blunt, slightly shorter than the length of the skull, well filled under
the eyes, wide and deep, almost not pinched to a nose. At the front and
side view a muzzle is square, at the view from above - from the rectangle
to the massive almost not narrowed wedge form. The lower jaw is massive
and broad.
NOSE
Big, black. The light nose is admissible when white and light-fawn colour.
LIPS
Thick fleshy, completely covering the lower jaw.
TEETH
White, large, tightly set; a full tooth-formula (42 teeth). It is admissible
when the first premolar is doubled. The incisors bases are set in a line.
Scissors, level bite or compact undershot bite (without break). The broken
incisors that can't prevent from determining the bite, don't influence
the mark.
EYES
Not big, oval, looking straight ahead, set deep and well apart. The eyelids
are rather close fitting, the marked third eyelid is admissible. The complete
eye rims are desirable.
EARS
Not big, triangular, hanging, low set - the ear set is on the eye level
or slightly lower. Shortly cropped when a puppy.
NECK
Strong, nearly round in section, a wide neck set, equal to the head length.
Set at an angle of 35-40╟ to a back line. The dewlap is admissible.
BODY
TOP LINE
High withers, not long, well marked. The height in withers is little more
or equal to the height in rump. A back is strong, straight, broad, it's
musculature is well developed.
LOIN
Short, broad, muscular, slightly arched.
CROUP
Wide, muscular slightly sloped, reasonably long.
CHEST
Lowered to an elbow line or lower, long, broad, rounded in section. The
ribs are well rounded, the false ribs are well developed. A front part
of the chest is well developed and prominent in comparison with the glenohumeral
joints. The well-defined underchest can intensify the general impression
of the massiveness of the body front part.
BELLY
Reasonably tucked up, slightly higher than a lower chest line.
TAIL
High-set, thick in set. The undocked tails are admissible, they are sickle
curved and reach the hock joints.
FOREQUARTERS
At front view - straight, wide and parallel set. The blades are long and
sloping in set.
FOREARMS
The shoulder blades are long, sloping in set. An angle of the shoulder-blade
joint is about 100╟. The shoulders are muscular, the forearms are massive,
rounded in section, straight, set deep under the body. The length of the
forelegs up to the elbows is a bit longer or just the same as the half
of height in withers.
PASTERNS
Massive, strong, slightly sloping.
HINDQUARTERS
At rear view straight and parallel, set slightly wider than the forequarters.
UPPER THIGHS
Wide, muscular. The upper thigh bones are of the medium length, slightly
sloping in set.
LOWER THIGHS
Of the medium length.
REAR PASTERNS
Of the medium length, massive, upright.
FEET
Large, oval, arched, cat-like. The dewclaws must be cut off. The stifle
and hock angulation is average marked, clearly angulated.
MOVEMENT
The typical gaits are reachy, not stretching trot and gallop. The joints
of the fore-and hindquarters unbend freely, the withers, back and loin
are slightly springy and on the same level.
SKIN
Thick, not too elastic, with well-developed subdermal fat tissue, very
often forms the dewlap and underchest.
COAT
The hair is coarse, straight, undercoat is well developed. Depending on
the hair length they distinguish two coat types:- with short (4-5 cm)
taut outer hair, without any sighs of furnishing hair;- with long (7-8
cm) outer and cover hair and well developed furnishing hair on the ears,
neck, the rear sides of the legs and on the tail.
COLOUR
Any colour, but not liver or blue (all the variants).
SIZE
The low height limit for males is 65 cm, for females - 60 cm. If a dog
is proportionally built, it should be more.
FAULTS
GENERAL APPEARANCE
Dry or loose built; leggy, poor bone.
HEAD
Short, light, unproportional. A domed forehead, well marked cheekiness.
The well marked wrinkled skin on a head; the fluttering lips forming flews.
STOP
Abrupt.
NOSE
Butterfly, brown or pink (do not mix with a light nose when white or light
fawn colour). Any colour admits a light nose, but the white and light
fawn ones.
TEETH
Small, widely spaced, rather broken. Lack of one tooth.
EYES
Protruding, round, close set. The haw eyes partially opening the sclera.
EARS
High set (the ear set is on a forehead level), not cropped.
NECK
High set.
TOPLINE
A sway or roached back. The croup is much higher than withers.
LOIN
Flat, narrow, sagging.
CROUP
Narrow, short, abruptly sunken.
CHEST
Flat, narrow, shallow, underdeveloped. The blades are short, the shoulders
are sraight, the ligaments of the wrist and elbow joints are weak.
LIMBS
The hindquarters too far under, too straight in stifle and in hock. A
narrow front.
MOVEMENT
Bindy or unbalanced. Uncorrected pace.
DISQUALIFYING FAULTS
GENERAL APPEARANCE
A dog in a feminy type. Total or unilateral cryptorchidism, the underdeveloped
testicles.
BEHAVIOUR
Coward, choleric, uncontrolled aggressiveness.
TEETH
All deviations from the standard bite.
EYES
Blue, eyes of different color.
LEGS
The joints are not enough fixed (flexible).
HAIR
Soft, curly, wavy.
COLOUR
Liver or blue (all the variants).
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